Although supplements can provide essential nutrients for a well-rounded diet, they may not be suitable for everyone. Individuals with metabolic syndrome, a cluster of medical conditions such as high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels, and excess abdominal fat, should approach supplementation with care. Registered dietitian Isabel Vasquez, as cited in EatingWell, recommends that individuals with metabolic syndrome avoid five specific supplements: chromium, niacin, green tea, bitter melon, and milk thistle.
Chromium
Chromium, a crucial trace mineral found naturally in foods like broccoli and grape juice, is often touted for its potential benefits. However, there is limited evidence supporting claims that chromium supplements can enhance sports performance or help regulate blood sugar and cholesterol levels. It is important to note that combining chromium with insulin or anti-diabetic medications may lead to adverse effects. Additionally, excessive chromium intake can have detrimental effects on kidney function and the digestive system, as cautioned by Routhenstein.
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, plays a vital role in energy metabolism and maintaining skin, digestive, and neurological health. Prescription niacin is commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart attacks. Despite its benefits, individuals with metabolic syndrome are advised against taking niacin supplements, according to Vasquez.
Green tea
Vasquez suggests that consuming six to eight cups of green tea daily is generally safe for health. However, caution is advised when using green tea supplements, particularly for individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Green tea extract is a common ingredient in supplements aimed at supporting weight loss and improving metabolic function. It is crucial to be aware that certain medications prescribed for cardiovascular issues may interact with green tea.
According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, a few individuals who used green tea extract supplements for weight loss experienced liver damage.
Bitter melon
Bitter melon has been associated with reducing blood sugar levels, as noted by Healthline. The compounds found in this fruit appear to mimic the functions of insulin. While including bitter melon in cooking is generally acceptable, caution should be exercised when considering bitter melon supplements for diabetes treatment, especially in the long term.
Vasquez referenced a study that demonstrated bitter melon's ability to lower blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes over a 12-week period. It's important to note that this study only examined the immediate effects of bitter melon.
Milk thistle
As for milk thistle, it is often promoted as a supplement for individuals with high blood sugar or diabetes. However, there is insufficient data to support its effectiveness in these conditions. Additionally, individuals who are allergic to plants such as ragweed, marigold, or daisies may also experience an allergic reaction to milk thistle due to its resemblance to these plants.
Health recommendations
In terms of health recommendations, experts suggest following a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular exercise and routine check-ups with a doctor.